The Memory of PC-1360

Index

• Program Area
• Line Structure
• Variable Structure
• New Big Characters
• Display Access
• System Area
  • System Variables
  • Reserve Mode
  • Other Memory Locations
  • System Addresses
  • The ROM
  • CPU and Gate Array

• The program area begins at 32768 and ends at 65535. The inserted memory capacity can have other sizes, so the space is divided into blocks of the size of the RAM cards or is using two banks (0 and 1) because it is larger than this area. The area before 32768 belongs to the system. There is the display, the ROM and some ports.
• 8kB card: Beginning of program area at 32768, 40960, 49152 and 57344. All blocks are identical (mapped).
• 16kB card: Beginning of program area at 32768 and 49152.
• 32kB card: Beginning of program area at 32768.
• 2 cards with more than 32kB: Beginning of program area at 32768, but with bank switching the system can access the second card, too. This will make the computer slower!
• The first BASIC line begins at 32817, 41009, 49201 and 57393 (for 8kB card). You can edit this position and make room for data. The memory locations 65495 and 65496 contain this position: PEEK 65495+256* PEEK 65496 = start address. At this address there must be a byte with the value 255, then the first line follows.
• The end of the BASIC area is marked with 255, too. This address is stored in the pointer at 65497 and 65498 (you can read this value at: 10302,10303 and 10558,10559 and 32777,32778, too. These locations are protected by the system.)
• Address of the BASIC ending position = i.e. PEEK 65498*256+ PEEK 65497 always higher than 57393 using 8kB.
• The last byte which can be used for programs without DIM variables is 63951 (-n*8192 /...)!

3 bytes (x,y,z), data, return (Chr 13)
x,y: line number = x*256+y
z: length of data (return included)
End of program Chr (255)
The byte 254 in data of a line means a command which is defined by the following byte.

7 bytes (a,b,c,d,e,f,g), Data
In 65502*256+65501 the start address of the variables is stored.
The last position where variables are stored: 63951
Variables are written from behind, this means that a new variable is written before the older variables. The start address points to the header of the newest variable.
You can rename variables using POKE!

Header structure:

7 bytes lengthy

Example: Bytes are named a-g
G$(5,5)*3
a: 71 = G: variable name
b: 160 = String
c: 0 = 1.Byte * 256
d: 111 = + 2.Byte = Overall length + 3 (because of following DIM values)
e: 5 = Dim 5
f: 5 = , 5
g: 3 = * 3
DATA:71= 1. character data

Meaning of the second header byte:

1-26 = Stringarray, 2 character name with second character = Chr (Byte+64)
193-218 = Number array, 2 character name with second char = Chr (Byte-128)
129-154 = String, 2 character name [Chr (Byte-64)] variable (like NE$="test") always 16 bytes lengthy
65-90 = Number, 2 character name [Chr (Byte)] (like AA=0) always 8 byte lengthy
128: One character name number array
160: One character name string array

Data of a variable:

Strings contain each character as a byte in ASCII code, Chr(0) is the end of a string. The Chr(0) is not used when the text is as long as the variable is dimensioned.
Numbers are stored in the BCD format. Each number needs 7 bytes.
In an array the single variables are following without any divider character. The position of such a variable is calculated using the header data. In a twodimensional array the arrays are following in a similar way: DIM B$(1,2)*1: B$(0,0) B$(0,1) B$(0,2) B$(1,0) B$(1,1) B$(1,2).

Characters 18*2 lines: POKE 64775,18,2
Characters 24*4 lines: POKE 64775,24,4
Cursor position at i.e. 64777 column and line at 64778 (starting with 0)
After switch off the old 24*4 is restored!
(Using 18*2 you can get Japan symbols from ASC 166 bis 222!)

There are 5 columns with each 30 pixels width in 4 lines á 8 pixels. Each stripe of 8 pixel is like a "GPRINT" byte, the value 1 will set the top pixel and 128 the bottom pixel! The distance of the memory locations of each column is 512 bytes, the memory is mapped in a distance of 256 bytes.

SHARP  POCKET COMPUTER PC-1360 1: 10240..10269 10496..10525 1: +512 10752..10781 11008..11037 1: +1024 11264..11293 11520..11549 1: +1536 11776..11805 12032..12061 1: +2048 12288..12317 12544..12573 2: 10304..10333 10560..10589 2: 10816..10845 11072..11101 2: 11328..11357 11584..11613 2: 11840..11869 12096..12125 2: 12352..12381 12608..12637 3: 10270..10299 10526..10555 3: 10782..10811 11038..11067 3: 11294..11323 11550..11579 3: 11806..11835 12062..12091 3: 12318..12347 12574..12603 4: 10334..10363 10590..10619 4: 10846..10875 11102..11131 4: 11358..11387 11614..11643 4: 11870..11899 12126..12155 4: 12382..12411 12638..12667

The symbols RUN, PRO, SHIFT, SML are set in byte 12348:

Bit	Symbol
0	Shift
1	Def
2	-
3	-
4	Run
5	Pro
6	Japan. symbols left: Makes the keys work odd!
7	Sml

-	System variables (each 8 bytes long): Var Address HB LB Z 63952 249 208 Y 63960 249 216 X 63968 249 224 W 63976 249 232 V 63984 249 240 U 63992 249 248 T 64000 250 0 S 64008 250 8 R 64016 250 16 Q 64024 250 24 P 64032 250 32 O 64040 250 40 N 64048 250 48 M 64056 250 56 L 64064 250 64 K 64072 250 72 J 64080 250 80 I 64088 250 88 H 64096 250 96 G 64104 250 104 F 64112 250 112 E 64120 250 120 D 64128 250 128 C 64136 250 136 B 64144 250 144 A 64152 250 152 The first byte of each variable is CHR 245 when containing a string or CHR 0 when containing a number. If the string is shorter than 7 characters, a Chr(0) is added at the end!
-	Reserve mode data: 65343:A:first reserve entry, Chr (alphabetical number) marks beginning (A=1,S=19,D=4,...,' '=27,'='=28), then data without any ending code. Example: [1,254,34],[19,...],... Order:ASDFGHJKL'='' 'MNBVCXZ, empty entries are not stored (not even the start code 1-28!)
-	Other memory locations: At 64336 to 64378 there are pieces of inputs. At 64896 to 64991 you can read the display characters line by line: The first 24 bytes represent the first line, the next 24 the second line, etc. System addresses: LB HB Description &FFD7 &FFD8 Points to the 255 before the BASIC area &FFD9 &FFDA Points to the 255 after the BASIC area &FFDB &FFDC Points to the last block added with MERGE &FEF0 &FEF1 Points to the start of the BASIC area where the system is currently running. &FD04 - Input buffer pointer &FF31 - EOT Code (SIO) &FF32 - Baud rate (SIO) &FF33 - F/F Interface status &FF34 - CONSOLE value &FEE8 &FEE9 Graphic cursor position X (-32768 to 32767) &FEEA &FEEB Graphic cursor position Y (-32768 to 32767) &FD09 &FD0A Text cursor position (LB->X: 0-23, HB->Y: 0-3) &FEEC &FEED End position of the last LINE (X) (-32768 to 32767) &FEEE &FEEF End position of the last LINE (Y) (-32768 to 32767) &FD16 - Cursor position in input buffer &FD10 &FD11 Display pointer (LB->X: 0-23, HB->Y: 0-3) &287E &287F WAIT counter &FF02 - ASCII code of the blinking character at the cursor &FF00 &FF01 Address of the blinking character in the display buffer &FE00 - FOR..NEXT return address in the Stack &FE01 - GOSUB..RETURN return address in the stack &FEE0 - USING format (point or comma) &FEE1 - USING integer part &FEE2 - USING character part &FEE3 - USING decimal point &FFDD &FFDE Variable pointer &FEF2 &FEF3 Address of the preceeding line &FEF4 &FEF5 BREAK address &FEF6 &FEF7 ERROR address &2ABD &2ABE DATA pointer &2A7E &2A7F Auto power off counter &FFF6 &FFF7 Beginning of the RAM card &FFF8 &FFF9 End of the RAM card &FF40 to &FFCF Reserve mode memory &FF3F - Length of all reserve mode data &FD20 to &FD6F Input buffer &FD80 to &FDDF Display as ASCII code &FC60 to &FCAF String buffer &FAA0 to &FAFF Printer buffer
-	The ROM: The PC-1360 has a ROM, which contains the operating system. The ROM of the CPU is at &0000 to &1FFF, the banks are at &4000 to &7FFF. You can change the bank writing the according number (0..7) at the address &3400. If you know the system calls you can use functions of the system! System test By pressing R+V+7+1 together while switching on the self test menu will appear! BASIC commands Index position Command Token Address Bank 22761 ASC 208 7936 BANK: Int. ROM 22768 AND 161 0 BANK: ?* 22775 ABS 153 7908 BANK: Int. ROM 22782 ATN 159 7896 BANK: Int. ROM 22789 ASN 157 7888 BANK: Int. ROM 22796 ACS 158 7892 BANK: Int. ROM 22803 AREAD 99 6222 BANK: ?* 22812 AKCNV$ 224 0 BANK: ?* 22822 APPEND 114 4288 BANK: ?* 22832 AS 115 4288 BANK: ?* 22838 ARUN 116 6222 BANK: ?* 22846 AUTOGOTO 117 6222 BANK: ?* 22858 BEEP 41 16544 BANK: 2 22866 BASIC 54 16400 BANK: 2 22875 CONT 18 16439 BANK: 2 22883 CONSOLE 36 16418 BANK: 4 22894 CLEAR 46 16409 BANK: 2 22903 CLOAD 22 16421 BANK: 4 22912 CSAVE 32 16424 BANK: 4 22921 COS 150 7880 BANK: Int. ROM 22928 CHR$ 240 7940 BANK: Int. ROM 22936 CLOSE 34 16448 BANK: 5 22945 CALL 49 31485 BANK: ?* 22953 CLS 80 16445 BANK: 2 22960 CHAIN 103 16385 BANK: 5 22969 CURSOR 81 16526 BANK: 2 22979 COPY 61 16388 BANK: 5 22987 CSIZE 67 16421 BANK: 3 22996 COLOR 68 16418 BANK: 3 23005 CROTATE 110 16412 BANK: 3 23016 CIRCLE 111 16415 BANK: 3 23026 DIM 48 16397 BANK: 2 23033 DEGREE 38 16448 BANK: 2 23043 DEG 155 7900 BANK: Int. ROM 23050 DMS 156 7904 BANK: Int. ROM 23057 DATA 94 6222 BANK: ?* 23065 DSKF 177 0 BANK: ?* 23073 DELETE 27 16385 BANK: 2 23083 END 90 16451 BANK: 2 23090 EXP 147 7872 BANK: Int. ROM 23097 EOF 176 0 BANK: ?* 23104 ERASE 58 16406 BANK: 2 23113 FOR 87 16457 BANK: 2 23120 FILES 28 16391 BANK: 5 23129 GOTO 43 16460 BANK: 2 23137 GOSUB 98 16463 BANK: 2 23146 GPRINT 51 16466 BANK: 2 23156 GCURSOR 104 16469 BANK: 2 23167 GRAD 40 16472 BANK: 2 23175 GRAPH 65 16427 BANK: 3 23184 GLCURSOR 108 16424 BANK: 3 23196 INPUT 97 16403 BANK: 1 23205 IF 86 16475 BANK: 2 23211 INT 152 7912 BANK: Int. ROM 23218 INKEY$ 233 0 BANK: ?* 23228 LNIT 29 17164 BANK: ?* 23236 JIS$ 226 0 BANK: ?* 23244 KILL 60 17168 BANK: ?* 23252 KLEN 211 0 BANK: ?* 23260 KMID$ 237 0 BANK: ?* 23269 KLEFT$ 238 0 BANK: ?* 23279 KRIGHT$ 239 0 BANK: ?* 23290 KACNV$ 225 0 BANK: ?* 23300 LIST 20 17031 BANK: ?* 23308 LLIST 21 17131 BANK: ?* 23317 LPRINT 100 17135 BANK: ?* 23327 LOG 146 0 BANK: ?* 23334 LOF 178 0 BANK: ?* 23341 LOC 179 0 BANK: ?* 23348 LN 145 7932 BANK: Int. ROM 23354 LOAD 24 17176 BANK: ?* 23362 LINE 105 16899 BANK: ?* 23370 LET 88 16903 BANK: ?* 23377 LEN 210 0 BANK: ?* 23384 LEFT$ 235 0 BANK: ?* 23393 LFILES 59 17172 BANK: ?* 23403 LTEXT 64 17082 BANK: ?* 23412 LF 66 17078 BANK: ?* 23418 LLINE 106 17074 BANK: ?* 23427 MEM 175 0 BANK: ?* 23434 MID$ 234 0 BANK: ?* 23442 MERGE 23 17196 BANK: ?* 23451 MDF 128 0 BANK: ?* 23458 NEXT 91 16907 BANK: ?* 23466 NAME 62 17180 BANK: ?* 23474 NOT 163 0 BANK: ?* 23481 NEW 17 16911 BANK: ?* 23488 ON 85 16995 BANK: ?* 23494 OPEN 33 17184 BANK: ?* 23502 OPEN$ 232 0 BANK: ?* 23511 OR 162 0 BANK: ?* 23517 OUTPUT 113 4288 BANK: ?* 23527 PRINT 96 16804 BANK: ?* 23536 PASS 19 16915 BANK: ?* 23544 PI 174 0 BANK: ?* 23550 PEEK 164 0 BANK: ?* 23558 POKE 50 31586 BANK: ?* 23566 POINT 173 0 BANK: ?* 23575 PSET 52 16919 BANK: ?* 23583 PRESET 53 16923 BANK: ?* 23593 PAUSE 95 16808 BANK: ?* 23602 PAINT 112 17086 BANK: ?* 23611 RUN 16 16927 BANK: ?* 23618 RETURN 101 16999 BANK: ?* 23628 READ 93 16931 BANK: ?* 23636 RESTORE 102 16935 BANK: ?* 23647 RND 160 7920 BANK: Int. ROM 23654 RANDOM 37 29480 BANK: ?* 23664 RIGHT$ 236 0 BANK: ?* 23674 RADIAN 39 16939 BANK: ?* 23684 REM 89 6202 BANK: ?* 23691 RENUM 25 16979 BANK: ?* 23700 RLINE 107 17090 BANK: ?* 23709 STOP 92 17003 BANK: ?* 23717 SQR 148 7924 BANK: Int. ROM 23724 SIN 149 7876 BANK: Int. ROM 23731 SGN 154 7916 BANK: Int. ROM 23738 STR$ 241 7944 BANK: Int. ROM 23746 SAVE 35 17188 BANK: ?* 23754 STEP 83 4288 BANK: ?* 23762 SET 63 17192 BANK: ?* 23769 SORGN 109 17094 BANK: ?* 23778 THEN 84 4288 BANK: ?* 23786 TAN 151 7884 BANK: Int. ROM 23793 TEXT 55 16943 BANK: ?* 23801 TRON 44 16947 BANK: ?* 23809 TROFF 45 16951 BANK: ?* 23818 TO 82 4288 BANK: ?* 23824 USING 47 16955 BANK: ?* 23833 VAL 209 7948 BANK: Int. ROM 23840 WAIT 42 16959 BANK: ?* 23848 WIDTH 56 17007 BANK: ?*
-	The CPU and Gate Array: CPU Gate Array